What is Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome?
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder occurring worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 40–60 per 100,000 individuals.Women are affected more frequently than men.
Whereas primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) occurs independently from other diseases, the more common secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (SAPS) is frequently related to other autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).APS is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, which increase the risk of thrombosis and pregnancy complications.
In addition to classical criteria, non-criteria APS manifestations—including thrombocytopenia, heart valve disease, and neurological symptoms—are increasingly recognized. Non-criteria APS can also be associated with antibodies such as anti-phosphatidylserine, anti-prothrombin, anti-annexin V, and other emerging markers that help identify patients at risk.